Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li, Na, K, Cs | F, I Reciprocal Salt for MSR Applications

Author(s)

• Clara M. Dixon
• Mina Aziziha
• Amir Mofrad
• Jorge Paz Soldan Palma, University of South CarolinaFollow
• Ronald E. Booth, University of South CarolinaFollow
• Aiswarya Padinhare Manissery
• Jack A. Wilson
• Hans Conrad zur Loye, University of South CarolinaFollow
• Hunter B. Tisdale
• Juliano Schorne-Pinto
• Theodore M. Besmann, University of South CarolinaFollow

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Gibbs energy models necessary to describe the thermochemical behavior of cesium and iodine in molten FLiNaK (46.5LiF-11.5NaF-42KF mol%), a proposed molten salt reactor coolant and fuel solvent, have been developed as they are of concern due to their high radiotoxicity and volatility. The six constituent pseudo-binary systems LiI-CsI, LiI-KI, LiI-NaI, NaI-KI, KI-CsI and NaI-CsI were evaluated using available phase equilibria and mixing enthalpy measurements. The models for the ternary reciprocal salt systems Li,Cs|F,I, Li,K|F,I, Li,Na|F,I, Na,K|F,I, Na,Cs|F,I and K,Cs|F,I were obtained by interpolation of the optimized pseudo-binary systems and parameters fit as necessary based on observed behavior. The additive (common cation) pseudo-ternary system representations were obtained by interpolation of the optimized pseudo-binary systems, and parameters for those as well modified as necessary to best fit observations. Together, the evaluated systems contain the necessary thermochemical models to generate quaternary and higher order reciprocal salt system descriptions, with the representations of the Li,Na,Cs|F,I, Li,K,Cs|F,I and Na,K,Cs|F,I quaternary reciprocal salt systems largely well-reproducing reported behavior. These salt system representations have subsequently been incorporated in the Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database – Thermochemical (MSTDB-TC).

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2025.107548

Publication Info

Published in Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Volume 211, 2025, pages 107548-.

Rights

© 2025 University of South Carolina. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

APA Citation

Dixon, C. M., Aziziha, M., Mofrad, A., Paz Soldan Palma, J., Booth, R. E., Padinhare Manissery, A., Wilson, J. A., zur Loye, H.-C., Tisdale, H. B., Schorne-Pinto, J., & Besmann, T. M. (2025). Thermodynamic assessment of the Li, Na, K, Cs | F, I reciprocal salt for MSR applications. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 211, 107548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2025.107548