Document Type

Article

Abstract

Inorganic–organic hybrid materials have been widely investigated for their applications in catalysis, optics, magnetism, and biomedicine. Copper halide complexes are of particular interest due to their structural diversity and physicochemical properties. Conventional crystal growth approaches, such as slow evaporation and hydro(solvo)thermal synthesis, typically require extended reaction times and often favor thermodynamically stable phases. In this study, we prepared ten copper-phenanthroline halide (X = Cl, Br, and I) complexes using both traditional hydrothermal reactions and microwave-assisted hydrothermal methods and obtained [CuI(C12H8N2)2][I3], [C12H9N2][CuI2]·(H2O)1.42, [CuI(C12H8N2)2]2[I]3[C12H9N2]·3(H2O), [Cu2Cl4(C12H8N2)2], [CuBr(C12H8N2)2]4[Cu2Br4][CuBr2][Br]2[C12H9N2]·(H2O)3.44, [CuBr2(C12H8N2)] and [Cu3Br3(C12H8N2)2]. The comparative results show that microwave-assisted reactions shorten the reaction time and yield additional products that are not accessible through conventional hydrothermal conditions. These findings demonstrate that microwave heating provides a complementary pathway to conventional approaches, broadening the range of accessible copper halide complexes and contributing to the design and exploration of inorganic–organic hybrid systems.

Rights

© 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).

APA Citation

Zhoujin, Y., Safo, M. A., Keerthisinghe, N., Smith, M. D., Garashchuk, S., & zur Loye, H.-C. (2026). Synthesis of copper-phenanthroline complexes: A solvothermal-compatible approach for the exploration of metal complexes. Solid State Sciences,174 108228.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2026.108228

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