Research Manuscript Series

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  Evaluation of the Archeological Resources in the Clinton Bypass Route, Clinton, South Carolina

  Ronald W. Wogaman

  Keywords: Excavations, Laurens County, Clinton, South Carolina, Archeology

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  A Functional Study of the Kershaw House Site in Camden, South Carolina

  Kenneth E. Lewis

  Keywords: Excavations, Camden Historical Commission, Kershaw County, Camden, South Carolina, Archeology

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  Statement of General Background, Goals, and Methods of Transmission Line Archeological Survey

  Paul E. Brockington Jr.

  Keywords: Excavations, Electric lines, South Carolina, Archeology

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  An Underwater Archeological Survey and Assessment of Cultural Resources of the Chicago Bridge and Iron Company's Victoria Bluff Facility, Beaufort County, South Carolina

  Newell O. Wright

  Keywords: Excavations, Chicago Bridge and Iron Company, Colleton River, Beaufort County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  An Archeological Survey of the Proposed Gaffney Sewer Improvements

  Richard F. Carrillo and Susan H. Jackson

  Keywords: Excavations, Environmental Impact Statement, Thicketty Creek Treatment Facility, Gaffney, Cherokee County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  An Archeological Survey of Rawls and Kinley Creeks, Lexington County, South Carolina

  Richard F. Carrillo

  Keywords: Excavations, Rawls Creek, Kinley Creek, Saluda River, Lexington County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  The Howser House and the Chronicle Grave and Mass Burial, King's Mountain National Military Park, South Carolina

  Richard F. Carrillo

  Keywords: William Chronicle, Howser House, King's Mountain National Military Park, York County, Cherokee County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  An Archeological Reconnaissance of the Four Proposed Twelfth Street Extension Routes, Lexington County, South Carolina

  Ronald W. Wogaman, John H. House, and Albert C. Goodyear

  Keywords: Excavations, Six Mile Creek, Congaree Creek, Congaree River, Cayce, Lexington County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  An Archeological Survey of the Interstate 77 Route in the South Carolina Piedmont

  John H. House and David L. Ballinger

  Keywords: Excavations, Indians of North America, Interstate 77, Piedmont, South Carolina, Archeology

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  Archeological Investigation at the Palm Tree Site, Berkeley County, South Carolina

  Randolph J. Widmer

  An archeological investigation was conducted at the Palm Tree site, 38BK147, located on the Amoco Chemical Company's plant facility on the Cooper River in Berkeley County, South Carolina. The field work was done by the writer and David Ballenger of the Institute's staff during March and April of 1976. The laboratory analyses and reporting was accomplished, intermittently, during the early summer of that year. The research goals for this project were to investigate the adaptive strategies of this occupation in terms of the environment, and to develop models of settlement and adaptation. Intrasite artifact analysis, analysis of subsistence items and features, and intrasite comparisons were utilized to evaluate and describe the community pattern of this site and its adaptive significance in this environment. These data were then incorporated into more extensive intersite comparative analysis and synthesis to develop proposed settlement models. The archeological investigation indicated that extensive deposits of predominately Thom's Creek ceramics existed in situ below the plow zone of the site. Analysis of the frequency distribution and spatial occurrence of these ceramics revealed distinctive differences in decorative motifs from similar ceramic assemblages from coastal estuary sites on the Cooper River. A comparative analysis of ceramics from coastal sites which contained shell and interior lower Coastal Plain sites which do not contain shell was performed. Results of the experiment indicated a distinctive contrast between frequency distribution of certain motifs. Two models of settlement are presented to explain the distinctive distribution of these ceramic motifs, and an evaluation of these models in light of contemporary knowledge of this area is discussed.

  Keywords: Excavations, Indians of North America, Ceramics, Amoco Chemicals Company, Cooper River, Berkeley County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  Camden: A Frontier Town in Eighteenth Century South Carolina

  Kenneth E. Lewis

  An examination of the site of the British colonial settlement of Camden, a center of social, economic, and political activity on the' eighteenth century backcountry frontier of South Carolina, permitted the observation of large-scale intrasite patterning through the use of stratified unaligned random sampling of the subsurface remains there. Although disturbed by long-term agricultural activity, patterning in the distribution of archeological materials was discernible. An examination of this patterning reveals not only the spatial and temporal limits of the settlement, but also suggests that Camden shared significant functional similarities with frontier centers in general. In contrast to urban centers with comparable social, economic, and political roles in contemporary Britain, Camden exhibited a markedly more dispersed settlement pattern, a~ well as a smaller population, larger land use units, an apparently greater proportion of activities of a nondomestic (e.g., commercial, industrial) as opposed to a domestic (i.e., residential) nature, and a relatively large proportion of high status residents. These functional characteristics reflect Camden's role as a frontier town, a class of settlement that serves as a locus of those activities associated with the collection and redistribution of goods and commodities passing into and out of the area of colonization. As a frontier settlement, Camden was situated close to remaining aboriginal groups in the area; and as a consequence, participated in extensive direct trade with them. The form of the settlement appears to have remained, in general, relatively unchanged until its abandonment at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Even the brief Revolutionary War period military occupation of the town resulted in few changes apart from the addition of fortification features.

  Keywords: Excavations, Camden, South Carolina, Archeology

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  Current and Future Developments in Archeological Theory Building Within the Contract Framework

  Albert C. Goodyear

  Keywords: Archeology

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  An Archeological Survey of the Proposed East Cooper and Berkeley Railroad, Berkeley County, South Carolina

  Randolph J. Widmer

  Keywords: Excavations, Indians of North America, Seaboard Coast Line Railroad, Amoco Chemicals Company, Cooper River, Francis Marion National Forest, Berkeley County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  Archeological Sampling at Fort Johnson, South Carolina (38CH275 and 38CH16)

  Stanley South and Randolph Widmer

  A two-phase archeological project was carried out at Fort Johnson, South Carolina (38CH275) during January and March 1976 to evaluate the archeological resources that would be impacted by the construction of the Southeast Utilization Research Center. The survey phase of the project utilized a subsurface sampling technique based upon the random placement of test cores throughout the site. This phase of the project revealed a single component shell midden associated exclusively with Hanover Ware ceramics and the second phase of the project was performed to intensively investigate this midden. Separate activity areas were delineated during this excavation and two radiocarbon dates were obtained from oyster shell in the midden. The implications of this study are of considerable importance both from the point of view of archeological method as well as understanding prehistoric behavior patterns on the South Carolina coast.

  Keywords: Excavations, Fort Johnson, South Carolina, Archeology

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  A Proposed Study of the Archeology and History of the Otarre Development Company Property

  Albert C. Goodyear

  Keywords: Excavations, Otarre Development Company, South Carolina, Archeology

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  Excavations at Landsford Canal (38LA5) and Rocky Mount Lock-Keeper's House (38CS63)

  Richard F. Carrillo

  Keywords: Excavations, Landsford Canal, Chester County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  Comment on Ceramics and Buttons from a Burial in the Cunningham Field Mound D on St. Catherine's Island, Georgia

  Stanley South

  Keywords: Excavations, Mounds, St. Catherine's Island, Georgia, Archeology

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  An Archeological Survey of the Proposed Sewerage System Improvements, Ridgeway, South Carolina

  Randolph J. Widmer

  Keywords: Excavations, Waste treatment facility, Broad River, Ridgeway, South Carolina, Archeology

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  Underwater Archeological Survey of Proposed Cooper River Dredge Area Adjacent to the Amoco Facilities

  Alan B. Albright

  Keywords: Excavations, Cooper River, South Carolina, Archeology

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  An Archeological Survey of a Fall Line Creek: Crane Creek Project, Richland County, South Carolina

  Leland G. Ferguson

  Keywords: Excavations, Richland County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  An Archeological Survey of the Columbia Metropolitan Airport Proposed Parking Facilities

  Robert L. Stephenson

  Keywords: Excavations, Columbia Metropolitan Airport, Lexington County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  An Archeological Survey and Assessment of Cultural Resources of the Chicago Bridge and Iron Company's Victoria Bluff Facility, Beaufort County, South Carolina

  Randolph J. Widmer

  An archeological survey of a 140 acre tract of land on the Colleton River, Beaufort County, South Carolina, scheduled for industrial development by the Chicago Bridge and Iron Company, was conducted by the Institute of Archeology and Anthropology on April 14-17, 1976. Surface investigation and subsurface sampling were used to locate eleven archeological sites on, or very near, the impact zone, two of which (38BUl05 and 38BUl06) had been recorded in a previous survey in 1973. One site (38BU125) is of the historic period but appears to have been almost totally destroyed by bank erosion and its remains are probably washed into the Colleton River. Underwater investigation of this area is recommended. Four sites (38BUl06, 38BU126, 38BU127, and 38BU128) are outside the impact zone but relate directly to those within the impact zone. One of these (38BU128) will apparently be affected by the project as it is said to be scheduled for use as a spoil area. Seven sites are within the direct impact zone, five of which (38BU124, 38BU129, 38BU130, 38BU13l, and 38BU132) are stratified shell midden sites of the Wilmington culture period dating from about A.D. 700 to A.D. 1100. These five sites exhibit a patterned cultural content and geographic location that is consistent throughout. Each is a series of discrete shell middens situated in the interior (away from the river) and adjacent to prehistoric freshwater lakes or ponds. This kind of consistent settlement pattern is extremely important to the understanding of a culture complex. A settlement-subsistence pattern adapted to intensive exploitation of fresh water, coastal resources is suggested. This adaptive pattern has been termed the Coastal Lacustrine Adaptive Pattern. Three of the sites discussed in the paragraph above (38BU124, 38BU129, and 38BU132) are recommended for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. It is recommended that each of these three be extensively excavated and interpreted in order to mitigate the adverse affects to them that the construction project poses.

  Keywords: Excavations, Colleton River, Chicago Bridge and Iron Company, Beaufort County, South Carolina, Archeology

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  Archeological Examination of a Transect Through the Middle Savannah River Valley: The Bobby Jones Expressway, Richmond County, Georgia

  Leland G. Ferguson and Randolph J. Widmer

  Keywords: Excavations, Environmental Impact Statement, Bobby Jones Expressway, Savannah River, Richmond County, Augusta, North Augusta, South Carolina, Georgia, Archeology

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  Archeological Survey of a Proposed Record Fire Range, Fort Jackson Military Reservation, Richland County, South Carolina

  Randolph J. Widmer

  Keywords: Richland County, Fort Jackson, South Carolina, Archeology

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  Archeological Survey and Assessment of Cultural Resources Within the Unimark Plastics Inc. Tract, Aiken Airport Industrial Park, Aiken County, South Carolina

  Randolph J. Widmer

  Keywords: Excavations, Aiken County, South Carolina, Archeology