Date of Award

Spring 2025

Degree Type

Thesis

Department

Exercise Science

Director of Thesis

Dr. Christine Pellegrini, Ph.D

Second Reader

Kailyn Horn, PT, DPT

Abstract

Background: Arthritis is a condition affecting millions worldwide, with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) being the most common forms. Resistance training is a widely accepted intervention to strengthen muscles and support joint function, however, high-load resistance training may exacerbate joint pain. Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training, which involves applying controlled vascular occlusion during low-intensity resistance exercises, has gained attention as a potential alternative to promote muscle growth and strength with minimal joint stress. Objective: This scoping review aims to explore the benefits of BFR techniques in conjunction with low-intensity resistance training for the treatment of arthritis. Methods: A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for RCTs published since 2004. Peer-reviewed studies focusing on BFR treatment for individuals with OA or RA, with a control group, were included. Exclusion criteria included joint replacements, surgical interventions, comorbidities preventing exercise, and non-English studies. After removing duplicates, 195 articles were screened by three reviewers using Covidence software. 20 studies were included in the full-text screen. 8 were included in the final data extraction. Results: Of the 8 studies, 7 focused on OA and 1 on RA, mostly involving knee OA. The most common cuff location was the upper third of the thigh, with training protocols lasting 6-12 weeks. Studies included high or moderate-intensity control groups, with some also incorporating low-intensity groups. Results suggest that BFR training combined with low-load resistance exercises provides comparable strength gains to high-load training without increasing joint pain.3 Improvements were reported in muscle strength, functional mobility (e.g., TUG and 30CST tests), pain reduction, and increases in myogenic hormones. Conclusion: BFR training combined with low-intensity resistance exercises is a promising intervention for arthritis patients, offering muscle strength benefits while reducing joint loading. Although some minor adverse events, such as mild knee pain, were reported, BFR was generally well-tolerated and had fewer adverse events compared to high-intensity training. Further research is needed to optimize training protocols, but BFR may offer a viable alternative for those seeking strength gains without worsening pain or joint stress.

First Page

1

Last Page

26

Rights

© 2025, Maya L. Butcher, Dr. Christine Pellegrini, & Kailyn Horn

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