Document Type
Article
Subject Area(s)
Humans; Telemedicine; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases (prevention & control); Rural Population; Quality of Life; Nutrition Therapy (methods); Aged; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Adult; New South Wales; Weight Loss; Nutritional Status; Diet; Risk Factors; Energy Intake
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adults in rural Australia are at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). To date, no intervention trials have evaluated the impact of dietitian delivered nutrition therapy using telehealth exclusively in patients recruited in the primary care setting. The primary aim was to assess effectiveness of telehealth delivered Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) on change in dietary intake energy, reported as percent energy derived from nutrient-dense (core) foods. Secondary aims included assessment of the intervention effects on percentage weight loss, quality of life, health literacy and patient engagement in their health (patient activation).
METHODS: This was a secondary data analysis of a pragmatic cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT). Adults from rural areas within the New England North West and Upper Hunter regions of New South Wales, Australia, were identified by their general practitioner (GP) following a Heart Health Check, as being at moderate-to-high risk of CVD and invited to participate. General practices were randomised into intervention or usual care groups. Intervention participants received five personalised telehealth MNT consultations over 6 months. Usual care received stand-alone personalised nutrition reports. All participants were managed by their GP and followed up after 12 months. Primary and secondary outcomes were analysed using Bayesian linear mixed models. Models included fixed categorical effects for time, group, group-by-time interaction, age, and sex, with additional predetermined adjustment for variables determined by the literature.
RESULTS: Mean baseline to 12-month increase in percentage of energy from core foods was 7.0% (9.4 SD) for the intervention group and 1.3% (9.6 SD) for usual care group, with an estimated adjusted difference in mean change of 5.9% (95%CI 0.5-11.2). Significant improvements in quality of life (0.04, 95%CI 0.01-0.07) and patient activation were also observed (6.44, 95%CI 0.99-11.83) favouring the intervention group.
CONCLUSION: A personalised telehealth MNT intervention delivered by dietitians significantly improved percentage energy from nutrient-dense foods amongst rural adults at an elevated risk of CVD. Future research is required to support implementation of telehealth MNT into general practice in rural Australia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001495819).
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Publication Info
Published in International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Issue 1, 2025, pages 126-.
APA Citation
Schumacher, T. L., Clarke, E. D., Herbert, J., Jansson, A., Oldmeadow, C., Rollo, M. E., Milson, P., Alderton, C., Brown, L. J., May, J., Williams, A., Guppy, M., Ramanathan, S., Attia, J., & Collins, C. E. (2025). The effect of telehealth-based medical nutrition therapy on cardiovascular disease risk factors in a rural population: a secondary analysis of outcomes related to nutrition, health and well-being from the healthy rural hearts randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 22.
Rights
© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.