Document Type
Article
Abstract
Importance Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of oxycodone, a potent prescription opioid. The clinical consequences of this interaction on the risk of opioid overdose have not been elucidated.
Objective To compare opioid overdose rates in patients initiating oxycodone while taking SSRIs that are potent inhibitors of the cytochrome-P450 2D6 enzyme (CYP2D6) vs SSRIs that are not.
Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included adults who initiated oxycodone while receiving SSRI therapy between 2000 and 2020 whose data were included in 3 US health insurance databases.
Exposures Use of SSRIs that strongly inhibit CYP2D6 enzyme (fluoxetine or paroxetine) vs use of other SSRIs at the time of oxycodone initiation.
Main Outcomes and Measures Opioid overdose hospitalization or emergency department visit. Outcomes were assessed within 365 days of oxycodone initiation; in primary analyses, patients were followed up until the discontinuation of either oxycodone or their index SSRI group. Propensity score matching weights were used to adjust for confounding. Crude and weighted (adjusted) incidence rates and hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression models, separately within each database and overall, stratifying on database.
Results A total of 2 037 490 initiated oxycodone while taking SSRIs (1 475 114 [72.4%] women; mean [SD] age, 50.1 [15.3] years). Most (1 418 712 [69.6%]) were receiving other SSRIs at the time of oxycodone initiation. In the primary analysis, we observed 1035 overdose events (0.05% of the study cohort). The adjusted incidence rate of opioid overdose in those using inhibiting SSRIs at the time of oxycodone initiation (9.47 per 1000 person-years) was higher than in those using other SSRIs (7.66 per 1000 person-years), indicating a greater risk of overdose among patients using CYP2D6-inhibiting SSRIs (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.31). Results were consistent across multiple subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of US adults, initiating oxycodone in patients treated with paroxetine or fluoxetine was associated with a small increased risk of opioid overdose.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Publication Info
Published in Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2022, pages e220194-.
© 2023 American Medical Association. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium. You are not required to obtain permission to reuse this article content, provided that you credit the author and journal.
APA Citation
Yunusa, I., Gagne, J. J., Yoshida, K., & Bykov, K. (2022). Risk of opioid overdose associated with concomitant use of oxycodone and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. JAMA Network Open, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0194
Rights
© 2023 American Medical Association. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium. You are not required to obtain permission to reuse this article content, provided that you credit the author and journal.