Document Type
Article
Abstract
Background
Sleep problems are associated with abnormal cardiovascular biomarkers and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, studies investigating associations between sleep problems and CVD biomarkers have reported conflicting findings. This study examined the associations between sleep problems and CVD biomarkers in the United States.
Methods
Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007–2018) and analyses were restricted to adults ≥ 20 years (n = 23,749). CVD biomarkers [C-reactive Protein (CRP), low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose] were categorized as abnormal or normal using standardized cut-off points. Sleep problems were assessed by sleep duration (short [≤ 6 h], long [≥ 9 h], and recommended [> 6 to < 9 h) and self-reported sleep disturbance (yes, no). Multivariable logistic regression models explored the associations between sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and CVD biomarkers adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors.
Results
The mean sleep duration was 7.1 ± 1.5 h and 25.1% of participants reported sleep disturbances. Compared to participants with the recommended sleep duration, those with short sleep duration had higher odds of abnormal levels of HDL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–1.39), CRP (aOR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.18–8.05), HbA1c (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05–1.49), and insulin (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.03–1.51). Long sleep duration was associated with increased odds of abnormal CRP (aOR = 6.12, 95% CI = 2.19–17.15), HbA1c (aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.09–2.17), and blood glucose levels (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.07–1.95). Sleep disturbance predicted abnormal triglyceride (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01–1.37) and blood glucose levels (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04–1.49).
Conclusion
Short and long sleep durations were positively associated with abnormal CRP, HDL, HbA1c, blood glucose, and insulin levels, while sleep disturbance was associated with abnormal triglyceride and blood glucose levels. Since sleep is a modifiable factor, adopting healthy sleeping habits may create a balanced metabolism and reduce the risk of developing a CVD. Our study may provide insights into the relationship between sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and CVD risk.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Publication Info
Published in BMC Public Health, Volume 24, 2024.
Rights
© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
APA Citation
Nii, P., Addo, O., Mundagowa, P., Zhao, L., Kanyangarara, M., Brown, M., & Liu, J. (2024). Associations Between Sleep Duration, Sleep Disturbance and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers Among Adults in the United States. BMC Public Health, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18381-5